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VOL. 1, ISSUE 1 (2025)
Development of waste polystyrene-based adhesive for composite material applications
Authors
Ibrahim Shuaibu Muhammad
Abstract
The global proliferation of polystyrene (PS),
particularly in packaging and disposable products, has created a severe
environmental challenge due to its recalcitrance to degradation and low
recycling rates. Concurrently, the composites industry demands robust,
cost-effective adhesive matrices to bind materials like wood, fibres, and
aggregates. This study investigates the development and characterisation of a
novel adhesive synthesised from waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) as a
sustainable and economical alternative to conventional adhesives. The
methodology involved dissolving WEPS in a blend of organic solvents (primarily
toluene/diluent mixtures) to create a viscous solution, which was then modified
with various cross-linking agents (such as epoxy resin or polyurethane
prepolymers) and toughening additives to enhance its mechanical properties and
bond strength. The formulated adhesives were applied to composite substrates,
including wood-to-wood and wood-to-polymer joints, and cured under ambient and
heated conditions. The results from mechanical testing (lap shear strength,
tensile strength, T-peel tests) revealed that the modified WEPS-based adhesive
achieved a lap shear strength of up to 4.8 MPa on wood substrates, comparable
to many commercial products. Thermal analysis (TGA, DSC) indicated a glass
transition temperature (Tg) around 95-100°C, confirming thermal stability
suitable for many applications. Rheological studies demonstrated desirable
viscosity profiles for easy application. The discussion centres on the role of
cross-linking in improving cohesive strength and the economic and environmental
advantages of valorising waste plastic. The primary challenges identified
include the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), long curing times, and
reduced performance in high-moisture environments. In conclusion, the
successful development of this WEPS-based adhesive presents a promising pathway
for upcycling plastic waste into a value-added product for the composite
materials industry, contributing to a circular economy while offering a
cost-effective binding solution. Future work should focus on developing
eco-friendly solvents and enhancing moisture resistance.
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Pages:4-6
How to cite this article:
Ibrahim Shuaibu Muhammad "Development of waste polystyrene-based adhesive for composite material applications". World Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 1, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 4-6
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